| Markup Languages |
| HTML |
Standard markup language for creating web pages |
Structure and content of web pages |
N/A |
| Style Sheet Languages |
| CSS |
Style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a document |
Styling web pages |
Bootstrap, Tailwind CSS |
| Programming Languages |
| JavaScript |
Programming language that enables interactive web pages |
Client-side scripting, dynamic content |
React, Angular, Vue.js |
| TypeScript |
Superset of JavaScript that adds static types |
Large-scale JavaScript applications |
Angular, NestJS |
| PHP |
Server-side scripting language designed for web development |
Dynamic web pages, server-side logic |
Laravel, Symfony |
| Python |
High-level programming language |
Web applications, server-side scripting |
Django, Flask |
| Ruby |
High-level programming language |
Web applications, server-side scripting |
Ruby on Rails |
| Java |
High-level, class-based programming language |
Enterprise web applications, server-side logic |
Spring, JavaServer Faces (JSF) |
| C# |
Multi-paradigm programming language |
Web applications, server-side scripting |
ASP.NET, Blazor |
| Database Technologies |
| SQL |
Domain-specific language for managing data in relational databases |
Database management, querying |
MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite |
| NoSQL |
Non-relational database management systems |
Handling large volumes of unstructured data |
MongoDB, CouchDB, Cassandra |
| API Technologies |
| GraphQL |
Query language for APIs and runtime for executing those queries |
Efficient data retrieval |
Apollo, Relay |
| RESTful APIs |
Architectural style for designing networked applications |
Web services, API development |
Express, FastAPI |
| Runtime Environments |
| Node.js |
JavaScript runtime built on Chrome's V8 JavaScript engine |
Server-side scripting, building scalable network applications |
Express, Koa |
| WebAssembly |
Binary instruction format for a stack-based virtual machine |
High-performance web applications, running code in browser |
Emscripten, AssemblyScript |
| Application Architectures |
| Progressive Web Apps |
Type of application software delivered through the web |
Cross-platform web applications, offline capabilities |
Workbox, Ionic |
| Single Page Applications (SPA) |
Web applications that load a single HTML page and dynamically update as the user interacts with the app |
Responsive, fast-loading web applications |
React, Angular, Vue.js |
| Static Site Generators |
Tools that generate static HTML pages from templates or components |
Fast, secure, and easily deployable websites |
Gatsby, Hugo, Jekyll |
| Content Management |
| Content Management Systems (CMS) |
Software applications used to create, manage, and modify digital content |
Website management, blogging |
WordPress, Joomla, Drupal |
| Microservices Architecture |
| Microservices |
Architectural style that structures an application as a collection of loosely coupled services |
Scalable, maintainable web applications |
Docker, Kubernetes, Istio |
| Cloud and Serverless Computing |
| Serverless Computing |
Cloud-computing execution model where the cloud provider runs the server |
Running backend code without managing servers |
AWS Lambda, Azure Functions, Google Cloud Functions |
| DevOps Practices |
| DevOps |
Set of practices that combines software development and IT operations |
Continuous integration, continuous delivery (CI/CD) |
Jenkins, Travis CI, CircleCI |
| Version Control |
| Version Control |
System for tracking changes in source code during software development |
Collaboration, version tracking, code management |
Git, Subversion |
| Containerization and Virtualization |
| Containerization |
OS-level virtualization to deploy and run distributed applications |
Consistent environments, scalable deployments |
Docker, Podman |
| Virtualization |
Creating virtual versions of computing resources |
Resource optimization, isolation, scalability |
VMware, VirtualBox, Hyper-V |
| Testing Frameworks |
| Testing Frameworks |
Tools for testing applications and ensuring quality |
Unit testing, integration testing, end-to-end testing |
Jest, Mocha, Selenium |